Types of Social Security Disability Programs

Before diving into the requirements, it’s important to know that there are two main disability programs under the SSA:

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

• For individuals who have worked and paid into Social Security
• Requires a specific number of work credits (based on your age)
• Benefits are based on your earnings record

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

• For individuals with limited income and resources
• No work history required
• Financial need is the main eligibility factor

You may qualify for one or both programs, depending on your situation.

Basic Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for either program, you must meet three basic requirements:

You Must Be Medically Disabled

The SSA defines a disability as a condition that:

• Prevents you from performing substantial gainful activity (SGA)
• Is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death

This includes both physical and mental impairments, and they must be well-documented by medical professionals.

You Must Not Be Earning Above the SGA Limit

If you are working and earning more than a certain amount per month, the SSA may determine that you are not disabled. For 2025, the SGA limit is approximately $1,550/month for non-blind individuals.

You Must Provide Adequate Medical Evidence

• Detailed medical records from all treating physicians
• Test results, lab reports, and imaging
• Statements from doctors about how your condition limits your ability to work

SSA’s Five-Step Evaluation Process

The SSA uses a five-step process to determine if you qualify for disability benefits:

Step 1: Are You Working?

If you're working and earning more than the SGA limit, your claim may be denied immediately.

Step 2: Is Your Condition Severe?

Your condition must significantly limit your ability to perform basic tasks like standing, walking, remembering, or concentrating.

Step 3: Is Your Condition on the SSA’s List of Impairments?

If your condition meets or equals a listed impairment, you’re considered disabled.

Step 4: Can You Do Any of Your Past Work?

SSA will examine your work history to see if you can still perform previous job duties.

Step 5: Can You Do Any Other Work?

If you can’t do past work, the SSA checks whether there’s any other type of work you could perform, considering your age, education, and experience.

How to Strengthen Your Disability Claim

• Maintain regular medical treatment and keep records
• Follow your doctor’s prescribed treatments
• Include all specialists you’ve seen for your condition
• Be honest and detailed on your application
• Respond quickly to any SSA requests for information