Understanding Retroactive Disability Benefits

There are two types of back payments associated with Social Security Disability:

• Back Pay – Covers the time between when you applied and when you were approved.
• Retroactive Pay – Applies to the period before your application date, based on when your disability actually began.

Retroactive Pay for SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance)

SSDI applicants may be eligible for retroactive benefits going back up to 12 months before the application date, but only if:

• You were disabled during that time, and
• You meet the SSA’s earnings and work history requirements, and
• Your onset date (the date your disability began) is properly documented and accepted by SSA.

Note: There’s also a five-month waiting period after your disability onset date before benefits begin. This means your retroactive benefits will typically start five months after your disability began.

Retroactive Pay for SSI (Supplemental Security Income)

SSI works differently. SSI does not offer retroactive pay before your application date. You can only receive benefits from the start of the month following your application—so it’s crucial to apply as soon as you're eligible.

How the SSA Determines Your Onset Date

The Established Onset Date (EOD) is critical in determining whether you’ll receive retroactive benefits. The SSA reviews your medical evidence and work history to decide when your disability began. The earlier the EOD, the more potential for back pay or retroactive benefits.

When You’ll Receive Back Pay

• Once approved, you’ll typically receive your lump sum back payment within 60 days.
• For large amounts, the SSA may issue SSI back pay in installments.